An Explanation of the Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law is one of the Equations of State. Although the law describes the behavior of an ideal gas, the equation is applicable to real gases under many conditions, so it is a useful equation to learn to use. The Ideal Gas Law may be expressed as: PV NkT where:P absolute pressure in atmospheresV volume (usually in liters)n number of particles of gask Boltzmanns constant (1.38Â ·10−23 JÂ ·K−1)T temperature in Kelvin The Ideal Gas Law may be expressed in SI units where pressure is in pascals, volume is in cubic meters, N becomes n and is expressed as moles, and k is replaced by R, the Gas Constant (8.314 JÂ ·K−1Â ·mol−1): PV nRT Ideal Gases Versus Real Gases The Ideal Gas Law applies to ideal gases. An ideal gas contains molecules of a negligible size that have an average molar kinetic energy that depends only on temperature. Intermolecular forces and molecular size are not considered by the Ideal Gas Law. The Ideal Gas Law applies best to monoatomic gases at low pressure and high temperature. Lower pressure is best because then the average distance between molecules is much greater than the molecular size. Increasing the temperature helps because of the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, making the effect of intermolecular attraction less significant. Derivation of the Ideal Gas Law There are a couple of different ways to derive the Ideal as Law. A simple way to understand the law is to view it as a combination of Avogadros Law and the Combined Gas Law. The Combined Gas Law may be expressed as: PV / T C where C is a constant that is directly proportional to the quantity of the gas or number of moles of gas, n. This is Avogadros Law: C nR where R is the universal gas constant or proportionality factor. Combining the laws: PV / T nRMultiplying both sides by T yields:PV nRT Ideal Gas Law - Worked Example Problems Ideal vs Non-Ideal Gas ProblemsIdeal Gas Law - Constant VolumeIdeal Gas Law - Partial PressureIdeal Gas Law - Calculating MolesIdeal Gas Law - Solving for PressureIdeal Gas Law - Solving for Temperature Ideal Gas Equation for Thermodynamic Processes Process(Constant) KnownRatio P2 V2 T2 Isobaric(P) V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1P2=P1 V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1) T2=T1(V2/V1)T2=T1(T2/T1) Isochoric(V) P2/P1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(T2/T1) V2=V1V2=V1 T2=T1(P2/P1)T2=T1(T2/T1) Isothermal(T) P2/P1V2/V1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1/(V2/V1) V2=V1/(P2/P1)V2=V1(V2/V1) T2=T1T2=T1 isoentropicreversibleadiabatic(entropy) P2/P1V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(V2/V1)−Î ³P2=P1(T2/T1)ÃŽ ³/(ÃŽ ³ − 1) V2=V1(P2/P1)(−1/ÃŽ ³)V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1)1/(1 − ÃŽ ³) T2=T1(P2/P1)(1 − 1/ÃŽ ³)T2=T1(V2/V1)(1 − ÃŽ ³)T2=T1(T2/T1) polytropic(PVn) P2/P1V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(V2/V1)−nP2=P1(T2/T1)n/(n − 1) V2=V1(P2/P1)(-1/n)V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1)1/(1 − n) T2=T1(P2/P1)(1 - 1/n)T2=T1(V2/V1)(1−n)T2=T1(T2/T1)

The Assassination of J.F.K. Essay - 1712 Words

The Assassination of J.F.K. On November 22, 1963, American history changed forever. That day the presidential motorcade of President John F. Kennedy traveled down Elm Street in Dallas, Texas. As the limousine went down past The Texas School Book Depository shots were fired. These shots, said to have been fired by Lee Harvey Oswald, struck President Kennedy and Governor Connally. The wounds to President Kennedy were fatal. This event will never be forgotten by the American people. This event and the proceeding Warren Commission investigation will be causes of arguments in this country for a long time to come. With the uncertainty of this event, it seems that everyone has their own opinion on what actually happened. These†¦show more content†¦This theory makes it so that one man would have to fire all of the rounds. Callahan states Kennedy was reported to have been shot with a 6.5 Mannlicher-Caracano rifle which takes a minimum of 2.3 seconds to load while no more than 1.7 seconds elapsed betwee n rounds,(32). That fact makes this theory impossible to be true, especially with that particular gun. So this evidence shows that there is no way that Lee Harvey Oswald could have acted alone from the Book Depository. Another theory is the Friendly Fire theory. This theory given By Bonar Menninger suggested Kennedy was shot by Secret Service agent George Hickey who accidentally discharged his AR-15 in the direction of Kennedy after being startled by the first two shots of Oswald,(251). This theory is based on the research of ballistics expert Howard Donahue, who firmly believes that by the way the head of President Kennedy was positioned, the fatal bullet must have traveled at a trajectory equal to the grade of the street (Callahan 40). This theory does not make any sense for two reasons. First, the bullets supposedly came from a Mannlicher-Caracano rifle. The weapon that Hickey was carrying was an AR-15, not the type said to have killed Kennedy. Also, it seems odd that a secret service agent would have his gun aimed at the person that he was protecting. It would seem more likely that someone in the crowed would have been shot if aShow MoreRelatedThe J.F.K. Assassination1801 Words   |  8 PagesThe J.F.K. Assassination The 1960 Presidential election was won by John F. Kennedy who defeated the incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon by the narrowest margin in history. Kennedy, a senator from Massachusetts was the only Roman Catholic and the youngest man elected to the presidency. In 1963, during his third year in office President Kennedys popularity increased and he had already started planning for his reelection campaign. On the morning of November 23, 1963, the President flew to DallasRead MoreEssay on Truth Or Fiction: The J.f.k. Assassination929 Words   |  4 Pages Truth or Fiction: The J.F.K. Assassination In a world with so many problems--- crime, drugs, murder, poverty--- Americans should be able to trust in the government for help. However, it is not safe to do so. Thus is the outcome of the Kennedy assassination. While the government was so busy trying to convince the public that Lee Harvey Oswald brutally murdered John F. Kennedy, they missed one important thing. The truth. The facts. Insufficient medical and hospital procedures, suspicious incidentsRead MoreEssay on John F Kennedy JFK1661 Words   |  7 Pagesbiographical data about J.F.K., interesting or little known facts, why I chose J.F.K. for my biography and information about what I heroes. Well start off with why I chose J.F.K. for my biography report. I chose John F. Kennedy for my biography report because I find that almost all of his life is very interesting. I first discovered my interest in J.F.K. when I was watching a show about his assassination which took place on November 22, 1963. Now that Ive done research on J.F.K. I have found that almostRead MoreThe Mafia Did Not Kill John F. Kennedy1153 Words   |  5 PagesNew York: Little, Brown and Company, 2003. http://forums.armageddononline.org/index.php. 25 June 2005. Armageddon Online Forums. 19 May 2010 http://forums.armageddononline.org/poll-killed-jfki-t4814.html. Magazine, Time. The Assassination: Did the Mob Kill J.F.K.? 21 June 2007. Pace, Eric. Judith Exner Is Dead at 65; Claimed Affair With Kennedy. New York, 27 September 1999. Taraborrelli, J. Randy. Jackie, Ethel, Joan. New York: Warner Books, 2000. Wood, Matt. UIC Professor Debunks ChicagoRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1126 Words   |  5 Pageshe also would help others who wanted to help the country if they couldn’t afford it. President Kennedy had a big legacy in the U.S. One of the first, was he was more of an cultrual person then politics person. Plus how he had a very bad tragic assassination. Which makes American culture look at him as a President that will be missed the most by the U.S. President Kennedy legacy has to do with alot of things and not just with the politics. Most historians will say that he has a weak political legacyRead MoreThe Legacy of John F. Kennedy1917 Words   |  8 PagesKennedy. It is also easy to understand and comprehend while it uses effective diction. The source itself was not written by a specific individual, but by the website that is dedicated to J.F.K himself. Correct information is given due to the same information being found on other sites, as well. The presidency of J.F.K set a lot of goals for the U.S. When the Kennedy’s moved into their new home, they made sure to make the White House an enjoyable place to be. However, John F. Kennedy did face some majorRead MoreThe Assassination That Changed the Nation1207 Words   |  5 Pagesto be in that place at that place Fig. 1. JFKs assassination, Dallas, Texas, November 1963 Life magazine comment on the photos from the Zapruder film, with praise, â€Å"a remarkable and exclusive serious of pictures which show for the first time and in tragic detail, the fate which befell our President† (â€Å"JFKs Assassination, Frame By Frame: Key Stills From The Zapruder Film† par ). The historical photo of President John F. Kennedys assassination was one of the first shocking events of that decadeRead MoreJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy And Joseph Kennedy1796 Words   |  8 Pagesmarried Jacqueline Bouvier, a writer from The Washington Times-Herald. J.F.K. liked to learn about people who stood up for what they believed and in 1954 wrote a book during his recovery from his back surgery, called Profiles in Courage. The book won the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1957 because it highlighted U.S. Senators who risked their careers to fight for their beliefs. His first child, Caroline was also born this year. J.F.K. had become a very well liked politician. He started campaigning inRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassination Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kennedy Assassination President John F. Kennedy was travelling along a predetermined motorcade route in Dallas, Texas when he was fatally shot, receiving wounds to the chest, back, and head. Shortly after the assassination, Dallas police arrested former U.S. Marine Corps Private Lee Harvey Oswald. On November 24 of the same year, Jack Ruby, owner of a Dallas nightclub, shot Oswald. Less than a year after the two murders, on September 24, 1964, the Warren CommissionRead MoreWho Is My Favorite Political Leader?2116 Words   |  9 PagesPrize winning, ladies and gentlemen the 35th president of the United states of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, (Life of John F. Kennedy,† n.d). John Fitzgerald Kennedy, better known as J.F.K, was the 35th president of the United States, who was of the Democratic Party and a war hero. A brief description of J.F.K entails that he is of Irish descent, and was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917, (Life of John F. Kennedy,† n.d). He graduated from Harvard in 1940, and then he entered the

Information Technology Challenges Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology Challenges. Answer: Introduction Organizations realize the need to use IT for various innovations to improve the companys performances. Information Technology keeps undergoing various changes, and the organizations have to keep up with this pace and adjust accordingly. It helps an organization to improve business functions, reach to wider customer range, and conquer competition from other organization. However, in developing information systems in the organization, challenges may be faced. In the case of the International Foods Group, there are significant challenges that that face the organization in establishing IT innovative ideas in the marketing area. These significant challenges arise from indifferences and considerations raised from employees involved in building these innovative ideas in the industry. Challenges Adopting change This is a major challenge because many employees do not know when to adapt to change in the organization and when not to. There are faced with the fear of facing risks associated with adopting new ideas in the organization. For instance, in IFG organization, this is a challenge that surfaces among employees. Some of the employees feel that the new ideas set in the company may be a financial risk to the organization while others think that the new innovative ideas may not reach the intended goal of the organization (Tadajewski and Brownlie 2008). Finances Managing of finances during the implementation of the new innovative idea is very crucial and has managed to be a major challenge. Implementing some IT ideas in line with the marketing department could require many resources to do so (Falconer 2014). Thus, it is a challenge especially if it poses a risk to the financial status of the organization. For instance in IFG organization, many employees seemed to get concerned on the financial issue. Uncertainties on the innovations. Uncertainties of the innovations is a major challenge that faces many organizations. Innovations certainties are hard to tell when implemented, especially on market and customer trends. This is a challenge visible in the international food group. Employees and the managers are unable to predict the future certainties of these innovations. There is the question of performance of the organization after these innovations are implemented. Human resources The human resources, at times, might be resistant to learning and adopting the new innovative measures. Some employees lack the motivation and interest in learning how to use the new marketing IT-related measures put across. This may be a major challenge to the implementation processes, as the innovations may not be able to achieve the intended purpose. Management of time Time management has always surfaced as a challenge in most organizations. With the IT innovations, many responses will be required from clients, especially since these measures are in the marketing sector. Recommendations The challenge of adapting to change can be solved in various ways. A corporate culture determines how employees accept change in the organization. If the culture has a low fit in the organization, the more it will be hard for employees to welcome change. Managers investing on good advice on the importance of embracing these new ideas and convincing others to be open to new changes can overcome this challenge. Leaders in the organization are entirely responsible for creating a corporate culture and organizational structure that enables a member of the organization to adapt to new environments and other new innovative ideas very fast. Overcoming the fear of change can be achieved through communication among employees, staying more positive about the change and be able to acknowledge the change at hand. Leaders are responsible in steer heading these measures. Solving this financial challenge, an organization should recruit a financial advisor who will advise accordingly on the costs to be incurred and what steps should be adopted. This financial consultant would be responsible for ensuring there is an analysis of every implementation idea, whether it will lead to a positive Return on Investment (ROI). Finances are imperative aspects of the organization that should be looked into when implementing the IT innovative measures. Creating a budget for the implementation process is another recommendation on solving this challenge. The organizational accountant should create a budget to account for each cost that would be needed in that process. The organization should also establish the priorities in finances in the organization in order to pilot the right spending choices on the innovations. These are the recommendations on the uncertainties. Information technology innovation can either increase the performance and growth of the organization or take the organization down depending on the way they are used. For instance, during the website innovation for customers services and feedback may ruin the companys reputation if not well managed. This challenge can be overcome through assigning dedicated personnel to be in charge and monitor these innovations. The organization can go further to employ a consultant on future market trends and customers trends that these innovations are likely to achieve. This advice offered may also be useful in helping employees gain trust towards the innovative measures in the organization. Communication is an important recommendation for creating certainty with the measures. Sharing information by employees on what each knows about the innovative measures helps a lot. Every IT strategy put across in the organization requires the attention of the employees so that they might be able to use it with the result expected. Human resources are the drivers of innovation and determine the decisions made. In the case of International Foods Group, many conflicts arose within the employees, particularly when Facebook and instant messaging required approval from one of the members (Ohemeng 2009). The solution to this is organizing prior Information Technology education for the employees in the organization and training them on the importance of the innovative measures in the organization. The training enriches their knowledge and creates trust and interest towards the IT innovative measures. Human resources are the most important aspects of an organization, and they required to be motivated, once a while creating interests in them on matters pertaining the organization. Outsourcing outside personnel to train them or using in-house training are some recommendat ion to ensure they are interested in the innovations. Knowing how to manage time well in organizations by doing tasks as required at the appropriate will lead to a greater performance of these measures set. One of the IT functions is helping the organizations do better thus; time to check into these measures should be put into place. For instance, in IFG company, in the website to be developed, there should be put personnel in charge of responding to clients as soon as possible. Time management challenge is solved through, the management insisting on creating To Do Lists in the organizations, to create priorities. References Daft, RL 2016, Organization theory design. Prentice-Hill Falconer, S 2014, financial services management: a qualitative approach. Available at https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1659159. Gil-Pechua?n, I Palacios-Marque?s, D Peris-Ortiz, MP Vendrell, E Ferri-Ramirez, C 2014, Strategies in e-business: positioning and social networking in online markets. Pearson. Ohemeng, FLK 2009, Constraints in the Implementation of Performance Management Systems in Developing Countries. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 9, 109-132. Pansbo, D 2010, Strategic development through experience governance: Exploring the enigma that is experience control. London Press Tadajewski, M Brownlie, DT 2008, Critical Marketing: contemporary issues in marketing. Chichester, UK, Wiley.

Recovery Loner free essay sample

As long as I could remember, I have been told that being a loner, not wanting to spend time with people, was abnormal and therefore not good. Yet, the idea that everyone needs to be social and has to be happy about it did not sit well with me. But somehow, I knew that me being a loner was not correct and had to change that. Dont get me wrong, there are some perks of being a loner like being able to be alone for an extended period of time and not minding, focusing more on what I like to do In the second semester of my junior year, something drastic happened. Our English teacher said that we had to do the Romeo and Juliet drama as an assignment and that every 11th grade student had to do it. I initially did not want to do it. Because, as usual, I didnt want to be around people for an extended period of time; and as one could this required me to spend time with my group mates during practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Recovery Loner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I tried to talk to my English teacher asking not to do it and, since I really care about my marks, if he could give me an individual assignment to compensate. He replied negatively telling me that I, especially, needed it. So, against my will, I, together with my group mates, started to practice for the drama. By the time we were to present it, we had rehearsed it several times . Even though it was not the best, it wasnt the worst either. Now that everything was over, we had no reason to meet anymore. But fortunately for me, we did and for the first time I had close friends. I literally can see how those few weeks had changed my societal life. Being around them made me realize what I had been missing, I could share my problems, experiences and thoughts with someone other than myself-my friends and they could give me advice on what I should and should not do. Though Im not the most social person in the world, Im not, at least, lonely and I have astound friends whom I care about and them me. I learned that if I had continued on the path I had been on before, I wouldnt have met those people I had and most of all wouldnt have been the person I am now.

Essay on Polynomial and Great Falls College

Essay on Polynomial and Great Falls College Essay on Polynomial and Great Falls College INSTITUTION: Great Falls College Montana State University COURSE TITLE: College Algebra COURSE NUMBER: M 121- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 80, M 121- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 81 NUMBER OF CREDITS: 3 SEMESTER/YEAR: Fall 2013 INSTRUCTOR: Ronald Yates Email: ronald.yates2@gfcmsu.edu Office Hours: By appointment I. COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course presents concepts, principles and methods of college- ­Ã¢â‚¬ level algebra. Topics to be covered include polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, and logarithmic functions and their graphs, and real and complex numbers. II. COURSE MATERIALS: Textbook: College Algebra: Graphs and Models, Fifth Edition, by Bittinger/Beecher/Ellenbogen/Penna, published by Pearson Access Code: MyMathLab access code is packaged within new textbooks or may be purchased separately. Calculator: A scientific calculator is required. A TI- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 83/84 (or equivalent) graphing calculator is strongly recommended. A calculator with a symbolic manipulator (TI- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 89, TI- ­Ã¢â‚¬  92, etc.) will not be allowed for testing. III. COURSE OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the course, the student will demonstrate a minimum competency level of 70% in the following areas: 1. Manipulate real and complex numbers. 2. Manipulate polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, and logarithmic functions of a real variable. 3. Graph polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, and logarithmic functions of a real variable. 4. Find inverse functions for selected polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, and logarithmic functions of a real variable. 5. Use polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, and logarithmic functions of a real variable to model real- ­Ã¢â‚¬ world phenomena and solve applied problems. Revised August 2013 IV. COURSE OUTLINE: (See Addendum for Detailed Calendar) Chapter 1: Graphs, Functions, and Models Chapter 2: More on Functions Chapter 3: Quadratic Functions and Equations; Inequalities Chapter 4: Polynomial and Rational Functions Chapter 5: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions V. COURSE CALENDAR – See Addendum This schedule is subject to change at the discretion of the course instructor to accommodate instructional and/or student needs. VI. COURSE EVALUATION – See Addendum for Details

The strategic role of the Royal British Navy in the First World War The WritePass Journal

The strategic role of the Royal British Navy in the First World War Introduction The strategic role of the Royal British Navy in the First World War ). Kitchener could not take any troops from the Western Front, so he turned to naval capacities for active involvement. As a result, the best location for action would be the tapered strip of water from the Mediterranean into the Sea of Marmara. The purpose and plan, masterminded by Winston Churchill, was to avoid the Turkish capital, First Lord of the Admiralty. Churchill created a complicated structure of a ‘third Allied front’ which gave tremendous assistance to Russia. The Royal Naval Division, moreover, went on to form an important part of the Mediterranean Expeditionary force (MEF), was which also included the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), the 29th Division (British Army) and the Royal Naval Division (RND) (Dupuy 1967). Responsibility for the division was given to General Sir Ian Hamilton, The marines’ first conflict was in March 1915, where they targeted Turkish citadels and 22 individuals lost their lives while several others were injured. On 25 April the Plymouth Battalion with a group of 2nd South Wales Borderers landed on Y beach where a number of soldiers lost their lives (Churchill 1940). However, these successes were not without setbacks, and it should not be concluded that the Royal Navy was unequivocally of strategic value in these cases. There had been an early problem when the navy initially landed on 25 April and this had given Turkey chance of help to organize their defenses from Germany especially on top of cliffs that gave a direct view of the neighboring beaches and into the interior of the land (Dupuy 1967). On 28th April, the Chatham Battalion landed on the Anzac shoreline in order to safeguard a beach, and they stayed there until 12th May despite many deaths and casualties. On the 29th April, the Admiralty gave control of the Royal Navy Division to the British War office and it became the 63rd Royal Naval Division. The 63rd also had control of the RM training division located at Blanford (Herwig 1987).   During May and June, Royal Marines participated in warfare at the 2nd and 3rd Battles of Krithnia. Additionally, there was action at Achi Baba on the 12th June. The MEF held their initial position at Gallipoli to try and find a conclusion to the struggle (Herwig 1987). One point of important to note about this episode is that the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (MEF), along with the Royal Navy, experienced various levels of difficulties and higher levels of casualties. This prompted MEF’s withdrawal from Gallipoli, moreover. Winston Churchill’s administration has received severe criticism for the large number of lives lost over this period, and it can reasonably be questioned whether such as campaign can be deemed of strategic value. One might even say it was a strategic folly in human terms; and as Osbourne (2004) points out, the fact that Churchill stepped down from the Admiralty as a result is damning. Following the activities of this period, more action then took place in the sea rather than on land. The Battle of Jutland was the largest wartime conflict that occurred at sea during World War I. The battle commenced on 31st May 1916 when Germany fired against the British Battle Cruiser regiments. Royal Marines proved their strategic value here, as they were involved in 10% of the most important naval attack on crafts (Osbourne 2004). This proportion comprised mainly RMA whose job during this time was to operate guns. As it got bigger, the battle looked like it was getting out of control. The next day, British demolisher vessels attacked and sunk the Pommern. However in total, the Germans lost 11 ships while the British lost 14 ships, which suggests strategic folly in numerical terms (Osbourne 2004). In May the same year, RMLI brigades arrived from Gallipoli and were repatriated to France where new resources and weapons were organised. In addition, they were given more manpower and upgraded weapons to machine guns.   In July, the RM Company was joined by companies called Howe and Anson the 188th Brigade of the re-titled 63rd RND (Herwig 1987). This group moved to a fairly quiet region of the Western Front. At this point, because of new weapons technology it was necessary to safeguard the line using three trench positions. Common Trench warfare was intended for use in heavy infantry but that was not commonly experienced through the commando tactics of RMLI (Friedman 2011). These battalions became a vital element to the Battle of Ancre Heights near Beaumont Hill. There were financial implications for this battle, as well as many casualties. On 17th April 1917 the 1st and 2nd regiments participated in armed combat at Miraumant and also during the 2nd Battle of the Scarpe later tha t month. During this armed effort, troops from the 63rd Division took over captured Gavrelle, led by General C. Lawrie.   Immediately afterward, the 63rd Division also participated in the Battle of Arleux (Friedman 2011). The RND marched to various regions including Arras and Ypres during the winter weather, carrying heavy army equipment. In Ypres, the battalions trained very hard to prepare for a key offensive on the German border, north of Ypres. When it happened, the attack would take the forces to the strategic location of the Paddebrek stream, in the north region of the canal (Randier 2006). Because of significant losses earlier that year the 1st and 2nd RMLI contingents joined together to increase their masses numbers. However, at this point, there were some signs that the war was moving towards an end and the Germans begun realizing that their momentum begun to slow down. Finally, on 8th August the British put into place their counter plan to impact on German troops, disturbing all levels of hierarchy in the army, including the German High Command. This appeared to be a possible chance for victory, although it is vital to point out that victory was not guaranteed. On 2nd to 3rd September 1918, the 1st and 3rd Armies fought at the Battle of Drocourt-Queant, alongside the 63rd (RN) division in the Third army (Morison 1942). On 27th September to 1st October 1918, the 1st and 3rd Armies also engaged in combat at the Battle of the Canal du Nord. During this time, the 63rd RN group was once again a component of the third Army (Stephenson 2011; Osbourne 2004). As has emerged through this essay, the strategic value of the Royal Navy was mixed. Many historians viewed Gallipoli as a catastrophic tragedy, facilitated by confusing tactics and problems that allowed the enemy to prepare for the attack (Stephenson 2011).   However, despite awful circumstances, the Marines still managed several successes demonstrating that they were a significant force on the ground in the capacity of infantry.   Many of the experiences acquired by soldiers in World War I were valuable resources that were applied again in the experiences they would go through in WWII (Stephenson 2011). This essay has detailed the many triumphs of the Royal Navy; however, of them all the Zeebruge campaign was arguably the most important in strategic terms (Koerver 2010). After dealing with frightful conditions and dreadful weather, the Marines still managed to carry out their responsibilities and sabotage the canal (Stephenson 2011). Their accomplishments led to an unintentional benefit of giving a confidence boost and momentum for all British soldiers involved in the conflict in other places (Knight 2006). As a final, but by no means insignificant point, the importance of the Royal Navy as a blockading force deserves a mention. The efforts of the marines and the navy kept Germany surrounded, creating barrier to many trade routes and ports, causing starvation and eventually defeat. This contributed to higher levels of bankruptcy, as Germany exhausted its finances trying to keep up with Britain (Stephenson 2011; Osbourne 2004). In conclusion, is clear that the Royal Navy was an indispensible strategic tool during WWI. It had the capacity to fight effectively in different environments and landscapes, as has been outlined in the narrative sections of this essay. It was also useful in observing and introducing a wide range of tactics, strategies, and military equipment to Britain, which helped to evolve many modern aspects of warfare that are still with us today (Knight 2006). Its versatility on land and sea, moreover, which has been outlined throughout this essay in description of campaigns, was enormously useful.   In concrete terms, the most essential raids that consolidated included Antwerp, Mesopotamia, Gallipoli, and Zeebruge, all of which involved the Royal Navy. Of course, it certainly had its shortcomings, and some of its failures and blunders have been discussed. However, this is an inevitable part of the operations of any force. In the end, while the Germans lost the war for a wide range of reason s, the impact of the British Royal Navy was certainly one of them; it was undoubtedly of great strategic value. Reference List   Benbow, T   Naval Warfare 1914-1918: From Coronel to the Atlantic and Zeebrugge. (Newbury: Amber Books Ltd, 2011) Churchill, W The Second World War. Vol. 2, Their Finest Hour ( Houghton Mifflin Company, 1949) Dupuy, T. N.   The Military History of World War I: naval and overseas war, 1916-1918. (New York: Franklin Watts, 1967) Friedman, N., Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines, and ASW Weapons of All Nations: An Illustrated Directory (UK: Naval Institute Press 2011). Grove, E. Vanguard to Trident, (London: Naval Institute Press/The Bodley Head, 1987) Halpern, P.   A Naval History of World War I. The Standard Scholarly Survey. (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994) Koerver, H. J. German Submarine Warfare 1914 1918 in the Eyes of British Intelligence, (Reinisch: LIS 2010) Herwig, H. H. Luxury Fleet: The Imperial German Navy,1888-1918. (Oxon: Routledge, 1987) Joll, R. Jackspeak. (UK: Maritime Books, 2000) Will Knight, UK unveils plans for a new submarine fleet. New Scientist (Environment) 2006, McMillan, M. The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914  Ã‚   (London: Profile Books Ltd, 2013) Morison, E. Admiral Sims and the Modern American Navy. (UK: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1942) Osbourne, E. W. Britains Economic Blockade of Germany, 1914–1919. (London and New York: Routledge 2004). Randier, J. La Royale: Lhistoire illustrà ©e de la Marine Nationale Franà §aise. (Brest: Éditions de la Cità ©, 2006) Stephenson, D. With our backs to the wall: Victory and defeat in 1918. (UK: Penguin, 2011)

George Tenet and the Last Great Days of the CIA Essay

George Tenet and the Last Great Days of the CIA - Essay Example Serving as director from 1997 to 2004, he was able to balance the policies of the both President Clinton and then President Bush Jr. This means that his time as director allowed him to witness the unfortunate terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and the invasion of Iraq, among other controversial events of the late 90’s and early new millennium. White (2008) points out that, â€Å"Few other central intelligence directors have served for so long, so energetically, or amid so much controversy† (para. 1). With so many events happening in rapid succession, it is difficult to cover each one with any depth. White does a great job, however, highlighting major policy issues and decisions that Tenet was faced with during his tenure. In addition, much of the article deals with government and public perception of his job performance. It has been said that George Tenet was certainly blunt and straight forward, but he was also fiercely loyal. White (2008) notes that Tenet was a w orkhorse who likely got this from his parents. He grew up in Queens, where his parents settled after emigrating from Greece (para. 4). His parents ended up scraping together enough money and bought a diner. That is where the family worked 16-hour days together. He took this same work ethic and devotion to the job with him to Washington. The article recounts that George Tenet began his career in government as a legislative assistant in 1982 for Senator John Heinz. From there, he moved on to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. This is where he got his passion for security and intelligence. He became quite a force around Washington and moved up through the ranks. The article walks the reader through these early years and tells about Tenet landing a place on Bill Clinton’s transition team to the Presidency. He informed the President on issues related to intelligence. He so impressed President Clinton, that he was kept on and began performing various functions until movin g to the CIA in 1995, and eventually earning the appointment as director in 1997 (White Para. 6). This brief description provided in the article really enables the reader to understand the process by which George Tenet came to be director and the philosophies and style of work that he would bring to the office. Now that White has established what bought Tenet to the most powerful position in the intelligence world, he spends the next part of the article discussing the state of the CIA at the time. We discover that the entire organization was really in bad shape. White hammers this home by reminding readers that, â€Å"The agency had suffered inconsistent leadership since the fall of the Soviet Union, and [Tenet] was the fifth Director of Central Intelligence in seven years† (White, para. 10). This is where the explanation of where Tenet’s work ethic comes into play. He was not afraid to put in the hours required to turn around the agency. We learn in the article that t he Agency had recently lost nearly 20 percent of its workforce (White, Para. 10) and that morale was at an all time low. To combat this, Tenet immediately set out to bring back some seasoned officers who had recently retired, and he began to resurrect a budgetary system that was in shambles. This would enable the CIA to get a grip on recent technology that it was missing out on and become a major player in