An Explanation of the Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law is one of the Equations of State. Although the law describes the behavior of an ideal gas, the equation is applicable to real gases under many conditions, so it is a useful equation to learn to use. The Ideal Gas Law may be expressed as: PV NkT where:P absolute pressure in atmospheresV volume (usually in liters)n number of particles of gask Boltzmanns constant (1.38Â ·10−23 JÂ ·K−1)T temperature in Kelvin The Ideal Gas Law may be expressed in SI units where pressure is in pascals, volume is in cubic meters, N becomes n and is expressed as moles, and k is replaced by R, the Gas Constant (8.314 JÂ ·K−1Â ·mol−1): PV nRT Ideal Gases Versus Real Gases The Ideal Gas Law applies to ideal gases. An ideal gas contains molecules of a negligible size that have an average molar kinetic energy that depends only on temperature. Intermolecular forces and molecular size are not considered by the Ideal Gas Law. The Ideal Gas Law applies best to monoatomic gases at low pressure and high temperature. Lower pressure is best because then the average distance between molecules is much greater than the molecular size. Increasing the temperature helps because of the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, making the effect of intermolecular attraction less significant. Derivation of the Ideal Gas Law There are a couple of different ways to derive the Ideal as Law. A simple way to understand the law is to view it as a combination of Avogadros Law and the Combined Gas Law. The Combined Gas Law may be expressed as: PV / T C where C is a constant that is directly proportional to the quantity of the gas or number of moles of gas, n. This is Avogadros Law: C nR where R is the universal gas constant or proportionality factor. Combining the laws: PV / T nRMultiplying both sides by T yields:PV nRT Ideal Gas Law - Worked Example Problems Ideal vs Non-Ideal Gas ProblemsIdeal Gas Law - Constant VolumeIdeal Gas Law - Partial PressureIdeal Gas Law - Calculating MolesIdeal Gas Law - Solving for PressureIdeal Gas Law - Solving for Temperature Ideal Gas Equation for Thermodynamic Processes Process(Constant) KnownRatio P2 V2 T2 Isobaric(P) V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1P2=P1 V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1) T2=T1(V2/V1)T2=T1(T2/T1) Isochoric(V) P2/P1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(T2/T1) V2=V1V2=V1 T2=T1(P2/P1)T2=T1(T2/T1) Isothermal(T) P2/P1V2/V1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1/(V2/V1) V2=V1/(P2/P1)V2=V1(V2/V1) T2=T1T2=T1 isoentropicreversibleadiabatic(entropy) P2/P1V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(V2/V1)−Î ³P2=P1(T2/T1)ÃŽ ³/(ÃŽ ³ − 1) V2=V1(P2/P1)(−1/ÃŽ ³)V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1)1/(1 − ÃŽ ³) T2=T1(P2/P1)(1 − 1/ÃŽ ³)T2=T1(V2/V1)(1 − ÃŽ ³)T2=T1(T2/T1) polytropic(PVn) P2/P1V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(V2/V1)−nP2=P1(T2/T1)n/(n − 1) V2=V1(P2/P1)(-1/n)V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1)1/(1 − n) T2=T1(P2/P1)(1 - 1/n)T2=T1(V2/V1)(1−n)T2=T1(T2/T1)

The Assassination of J.F.K. Essay - 1712 Words

The Assassination of J.F.K. On November 22, 1963, American history changed forever. That day the presidential motorcade of President John F. Kennedy traveled down Elm Street in Dallas, Texas. As the limousine went down past The Texas School Book Depository shots were fired. These shots, said to have been fired by Lee Harvey Oswald, struck President Kennedy and Governor Connally. The wounds to President Kennedy were fatal. This event will never be forgotten by the American people. This event and the proceeding Warren Commission investigation will be causes of arguments in this country for a long time to come. With the uncertainty of this event, it seems that everyone has their own opinion on what actually happened. These†¦show more content†¦This theory makes it so that one man would have to fire all of the rounds. Callahan states Kennedy was reported to have been shot with a 6.5 Mannlicher-Caracano rifle which takes a minimum of 2.3 seconds to load while no more than 1.7 seconds elapsed betwee n rounds,(32). That fact makes this theory impossible to be true, especially with that particular gun. So this evidence shows that there is no way that Lee Harvey Oswald could have acted alone from the Book Depository. Another theory is the Friendly Fire theory. This theory given By Bonar Menninger suggested Kennedy was shot by Secret Service agent George Hickey who accidentally discharged his AR-15 in the direction of Kennedy after being startled by the first two shots of Oswald,(251). This theory is based on the research of ballistics expert Howard Donahue, who firmly believes that by the way the head of President Kennedy was positioned, the fatal bullet must have traveled at a trajectory equal to the grade of the street (Callahan 40). This theory does not make any sense for two reasons. First, the bullets supposedly came from a Mannlicher-Caracano rifle. The weapon that Hickey was carrying was an AR-15, not the type said to have killed Kennedy. Also, it seems odd that a secret service agent would have his gun aimed at the person that he was protecting. It would seem more likely that someone in the crowed would have been shot if aShow MoreRelatedThe J.F.K. Assassination1801 Words   |  8 PagesThe J.F.K. Assassination The 1960 Presidential election was won by John F. Kennedy who defeated the incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon by the narrowest margin in history. Kennedy, a senator from Massachusetts was the only Roman Catholic and the youngest man elected to the presidency. In 1963, during his third year in office President Kennedys popularity increased and he had already started planning for his reelection campaign. On the morning of November 23, 1963, the President flew to DallasRead MoreEssay on Truth Or Fiction: The J.f.k. Assassination929 Words   |  4 Pages Truth or Fiction: The J.F.K. Assassination In a world with so many problems--- crime, drugs, murder, poverty--- Americans should be able to trust in the government for help. However, it is not safe to do so. Thus is the outcome of the Kennedy assassination. While the government was so busy trying to convince the public that Lee Harvey Oswald brutally murdered John F. Kennedy, they missed one important thing. The truth. The facts. Insufficient medical and hospital procedures, suspicious incidentsRead MoreEssay on John F Kennedy JFK1661 Words   |  7 Pagesbiographical data about J.F.K., interesting or little known facts, why I chose J.F.K. for my biography and information about what I heroes. Well start off with why I chose J.F.K. for my biography report. I chose John F. Kennedy for my biography report because I find that almost all of his life is very interesting. I first discovered my interest in J.F.K. when I was watching a show about his assassination which took place on November 22, 1963. Now that Ive done research on J.F.K. I have found that almostRead MoreThe Mafia Did Not Kill John F. Kennedy1153 Words   |  5 PagesNew York: Little, Brown and Company, 2003. http://forums.armageddononline.org/index.php. 25 June 2005. Armageddon Online Forums. 19 May 2010 http://forums.armageddononline.org/poll-killed-jfki-t4814.html. Magazine, Time. The Assassination: Did the Mob Kill J.F.K.? 21 June 2007. Pace, Eric. Judith Exner Is Dead at 65; Claimed Affair With Kennedy. New York, 27 September 1999. Taraborrelli, J. Randy. Jackie, Ethel, Joan. New York: Warner Books, 2000. Wood, Matt. UIC Professor Debunks ChicagoRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1126 Words   |  5 Pageshe also would help others who wanted to help the country if they couldn’t afford it. President Kennedy had a big legacy in the U.S. One of the first, was he was more of an cultrual person then politics person. Plus how he had a very bad tragic assassination. Which makes American culture look at him as a President that will be missed the most by the U.S. President Kennedy legacy has to do with alot of things and not just with the politics. Most historians will say that he has a weak political legacyRead MoreThe Legacy of John F. Kennedy1917 Words   |  8 PagesKennedy. It is also easy to understand and comprehend while it uses effective diction. The source itself was not written by a specific individual, but by the website that is dedicated to J.F.K himself. Correct information is given due to the same information being found on other sites, as well. The presidency of J.F.K set a lot of goals for the U.S. When the Kennedy’s moved into their new home, they made sure to make the White House an enjoyable place to be. However, John F. Kennedy did face some majorRead MoreThe Assassination That Changed the Nation1207 Words   |  5 Pagesto be in that place at that place Fig. 1. JFKs assassination, Dallas, Texas, November 1963 Life magazine comment on the photos from the Zapruder film, with praise, â€Å"a remarkable and exclusive serious of pictures which show for the first time and in tragic detail, the fate which befell our President† (â€Å"JFKs Assassination, Frame By Frame: Key Stills From The Zapruder Film† par ). The historical photo of President John F. Kennedys assassination was one of the first shocking events of that decadeRead MoreJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy And Joseph Kennedy1796 Words   |  8 Pagesmarried Jacqueline Bouvier, a writer from The Washington Times-Herald. J.F.K. liked to learn about people who stood up for what they believed and in 1954 wrote a book during his recovery from his back surgery, called Profiles in Courage. The book won the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1957 because it highlighted U.S. Senators who risked their careers to fight for their beliefs. His first child, Caroline was also born this year. J.F.K. had become a very well liked politician. He started campaigning inRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassination Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kennedy Assassination President John F. Kennedy was travelling along a predetermined motorcade route in Dallas, Texas when he was fatally shot, receiving wounds to the chest, back, and head. Shortly after the assassination, Dallas police arrested former U.S. Marine Corps Private Lee Harvey Oswald. On November 24 of the same year, Jack Ruby, owner of a Dallas nightclub, shot Oswald. Less than a year after the two murders, on September 24, 1964, the Warren CommissionRead MoreWho Is My Favorite Political Leader?2116 Words   |  9 PagesPrize winning, ladies and gentlemen the 35th president of the United states of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, (Life of John F. Kennedy,† n.d). John Fitzgerald Kennedy, better known as J.F.K, was the 35th president of the United States, who was of the Democratic Party and a war hero. A brief description of J.F.K entails that he is of Irish descent, and was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917, (Life of John F. Kennedy,† n.d). He graduated from Harvard in 1940, and then he entered the

Information Technology Challenges Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology Challenges. Answer: Introduction Organizations realize the need to use IT for various innovations to improve the companys performances. Information Technology keeps undergoing various changes, and the organizations have to keep up with this pace and adjust accordingly. It helps an organization to improve business functions, reach to wider customer range, and conquer competition from other organization. However, in developing information systems in the organization, challenges may be faced. In the case of the International Foods Group, there are significant challenges that that face the organization in establishing IT innovative ideas in the marketing area. These significant challenges arise from indifferences and considerations raised from employees involved in building these innovative ideas in the industry. Challenges Adopting change This is a major challenge because many employees do not know when to adapt to change in the organization and when not to. There are faced with the fear of facing risks associated with adopting new ideas in the organization. For instance, in IFG organization, this is a challenge that surfaces among employees. Some of the employees feel that the new ideas set in the company may be a financial risk to the organization while others think that the new innovative ideas may not reach the intended goal of the organization (Tadajewski and Brownlie 2008). Finances Managing of finances during the implementation of the new innovative idea is very crucial and has managed to be a major challenge. Implementing some IT ideas in line with the marketing department could require many resources to do so (Falconer 2014). Thus, it is a challenge especially if it poses a risk to the financial status of the organization. For instance in IFG organization, many employees seemed to get concerned on the financial issue. Uncertainties on the innovations. Uncertainties of the innovations is a major challenge that faces many organizations. Innovations certainties are hard to tell when implemented, especially on market and customer trends. This is a challenge visible in the international food group. Employees and the managers are unable to predict the future certainties of these innovations. There is the question of performance of the organization after these innovations are implemented. Human resources The human resources, at times, might be resistant to learning and adopting the new innovative measures. Some employees lack the motivation and interest in learning how to use the new marketing IT-related measures put across. This may be a major challenge to the implementation processes, as the innovations may not be able to achieve the intended purpose. Management of time Time management has always surfaced as a challenge in most organizations. With the IT innovations, many responses will be required from clients, especially since these measures are in the marketing sector. Recommendations The challenge of adapting to change can be solved in various ways. A corporate culture determines how employees accept change in the organization. If the culture has a low fit in the organization, the more it will be hard for employees to welcome change. Managers investing on good advice on the importance of embracing these new ideas and convincing others to be open to new changes can overcome this challenge. Leaders in the organization are entirely responsible for creating a corporate culture and organizational structure that enables a member of the organization to adapt to new environments and other new innovative ideas very fast. Overcoming the fear of change can be achieved through communication among employees, staying more positive about the change and be able to acknowledge the change at hand. Leaders are responsible in steer heading these measures. Solving this financial challenge, an organization should recruit a financial advisor who will advise accordingly on the costs to be incurred and what steps should be adopted. This financial consultant would be responsible for ensuring there is an analysis of every implementation idea, whether it will lead to a positive Return on Investment (ROI). Finances are imperative aspects of the organization that should be looked into when implementing the IT innovative measures. Creating a budget for the implementation process is another recommendation on solving this challenge. The organizational accountant should create a budget to account for each cost that would be needed in that process. The organization should also establish the priorities in finances in the organization in order to pilot the right spending choices on the innovations. These are the recommendations on the uncertainties. Information technology innovation can either increase the performance and growth of the organization or take the organization down depending on the way they are used. For instance, during the website innovation for customers services and feedback may ruin the companys reputation if not well managed. This challenge can be overcome through assigning dedicated personnel to be in charge and monitor these innovations. The organization can go further to employ a consultant on future market trends and customers trends that these innovations are likely to achieve. This advice offered may also be useful in helping employees gain trust towards the innovative measures in the organization. Communication is an important recommendation for creating certainty with the measures. Sharing information by employees on what each knows about the innovative measures helps a lot. Every IT strategy put across in the organization requires the attention of the employees so that they might be able to use it with the result expected. Human resources are the drivers of innovation and determine the decisions made. In the case of International Foods Group, many conflicts arose within the employees, particularly when Facebook and instant messaging required approval from one of the members (Ohemeng 2009). The solution to this is organizing prior Information Technology education for the employees in the organization and training them on the importance of the innovative measures in the organization. The training enriches their knowledge and creates trust and interest towards the IT innovative measures. Human resources are the most important aspects of an organization, and they required to be motivated, once a while creating interests in them on matters pertaining the organization. Outsourcing outside personnel to train them or using in-house training are some recommendat ion to ensure they are interested in the innovations. Knowing how to manage time well in organizations by doing tasks as required at the appropriate will lead to a greater performance of these measures set. One of the IT functions is helping the organizations do better thus; time to check into these measures should be put into place. For instance, in IFG company, in the website to be developed, there should be put personnel in charge of responding to clients as soon as possible. Time management challenge is solved through, the management insisting on creating To Do Lists in the organizations, to create priorities. References Daft, RL 2016, Organization theory design. Prentice-Hill Falconer, S 2014, financial services management: a qualitative approach. Available at https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1659159. Gil-Pechua?n, I Palacios-Marque?s, D Peris-Ortiz, MP Vendrell, E Ferri-Ramirez, C 2014, Strategies in e-business: positioning and social networking in online markets. Pearson. Ohemeng, FLK 2009, Constraints in the Implementation of Performance Management Systems in Developing Countries. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 9, 109-132. Pansbo, D 2010, Strategic development through experience governance: Exploring the enigma that is experience control. London Press Tadajewski, M Brownlie, DT 2008, Critical Marketing: contemporary issues in marketing. Chichester, UK, Wiley.

Recovery Loner free essay sample

As long as I could remember, I have been told that being a loner, not wanting to spend time with people, was abnormal and therefore not good. Yet, the idea that everyone needs to be social and has to be happy about it did not sit well with me. But somehow, I knew that me being a loner was not correct and had to change that. Dont get me wrong, there are some perks of being a loner like being able to be alone for an extended period of time and not minding, focusing more on what I like to do In the second semester of my junior year, something drastic happened. Our English teacher said that we had to do the Romeo and Juliet drama as an assignment and that every 11th grade student had to do it. I initially did not want to do it. Because, as usual, I didnt want to be around people for an extended period of time; and as one could this required me to spend time with my group mates during practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Recovery Loner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I tried to talk to my English teacher asking not to do it and, since I really care about my marks, if he could give me an individual assignment to compensate. He replied negatively telling me that I, especially, needed it. So, against my will, I, together with my group mates, started to practice for the drama. By the time we were to present it, we had rehearsed it several times . Even though it was not the best, it wasnt the worst either. Now that everything was over, we had no reason to meet anymore. But fortunately for me, we did and for the first time I had close friends. I literally can see how those few weeks had changed my societal life. Being around them made me realize what I had been missing, I could share my problems, experiences and thoughts with someone other than myself-my friends and they could give me advice on what I should and should not do. Though Im not the most social person in the world, Im not, at least, lonely and I have astound friends whom I care about and them me. I learned that if I had continued on the path I had been on before, I wouldnt have met those people I had and most of all wouldnt have been the person I am now.